Important shark & ray area
Protecting shark and ray populations is essential to maintaining
balance in marine food webs.
About the project
Nestled in the northern Quirimbas Archipelago of Mozambique, the Vamizi Important Shark & Ray area (ISRA) is a globally significant marine zone that plays a vital role in the survival of threatened shark and ray species. In partnership with the IUCN and guided by science and conservation expertise, this project highlights the importance of protecting some of the ocean’s most vulnerable and fascinating creatures.
The importance
of Vamizi
Vamizi’s rich coral reef ecosystems, dramatic underwater canyons, and nutrient-rich currents create the perfect environment for sharks and rays to thrive. This area is one of the most productive and biodiverse reef systems in the Western Indian Ocean.
What makes it special?
It’s the only known breeding ground for the Endangered Grey Reef Shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) in Mozambique.
Home to Endangered and Vulnerable species like the Blacktip Reef Shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus), which regularly aggregate in the shallow waters.
Overlaps with the ecologically vital Vamizi Key Biodiversity Area and three recognized Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs).
A Nursery Beneath
the Waves
Each year, divers observe pregnant grey reef sharks and newborn pups gathering at Neptune’s Arm, a canyon between Vamizi and Metundo Islands. These sightings indicate active reproduction—a rare and crucial process for a species under threat. Pregnant females and neonates have been regularly documented here, confirming the area as a
vital nursery habitat.
Local knowledge and scientific surveys show that Blacktip Reef Sharks gather in large numbers near the beaches of Vamizi Island. Often spotted in groups just below the surface, these sharks are easily observed during turtle patrols. While the full purpose of these aggregations is not yet fully understood, the frequency and size of the groups make Vamizi a key site for monitoring and conservation.
Shallow-Water Aggregations of Blacktip Reef Sharks
Rays of Vamizi
Rays are some of the most elegant and mysterious animals in the ocean—and Vamizi is one of the few places where you can encounter such a diverse range of them in one area. These species play vital roles in maintaining the health of coral reefs and open waters.
In the clear, warm waters between Vamizi and Metundo, rays glide effortlessly over reefs and along the canyon walls. The Spotted Eagle Ray (Aetobatus ocellatus) and the Reef Manta Ray (Mobula alfredi) are among the most impressive species found in the area, often seen feeding on plankton-rich upwellings.
These gentle giants are especially vulnerable to overfishing and habitat loss, making their presence in Vamizi both a conservation priority and a symbol of hope.
The Vamizi ISRA is home to several species of concern, many of which are listed as Near Threatened or Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. These include:
Reef Manta Ray (Mobula alfredi) – known for their intelligence and social behavior
Spotted Eagle Ray (Aetobatus ocellatus) – with striking spotted patterns and wing-like fins
Bluespotted Lagoon Ray (Taeniura lymma) – commonly seen on sandy reef flats
Blotched Fantail Ray (Taeniura meyeni) – is a powerful species that often rests in coral crevices
Despite their importance, rays remain understudied in many parts of the world. Vamizi offers a rare opportunity to better understand their behavior, population trends, and critical habitats—all of which are essential for their long-term protection.
Rays at risk: a diverse but fragile community
A Global Conservation Priority
Sharks and rays are vital to the balance of the ocean. As top predators, sharks help regulate the populations of other species, keeping ecosystems in check. Rays, especially those that feed on bottom-dwelling organisms, help maintain healthy seafloor habitats by stirring up sediment and controlling prey populations. This natural balance supports the entire marine food web—including the fish communities that many coastal communities rely on for food and income.
The Vamizi ISRA is more than just a local treasure—it’s part of a global network of Important Shark and Ray Areas that contribute to ocean health and biodiversity. Protecting these areas ensures that future generations can continue to benefit from the ecological roles sharks and rays play in marine ecosystems.
A Collaborative Effort
This ISRA was developed by the IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Group, in collaboration with local scientists, conservationists, and international experts. It has been thoroughly reviewed and validated through the ISRA process, with support from the Shark Conservation Fund.
Together, we are working to ensure that these critical marine habitats are not only studied—but safeguarded for the future.